Nordic Master Program of Language Technology (NMPLT): A Project Description
Institutions involved, degrees granted and areas of expertise
- University of Helsinki (HY), Faculty of Arts, Department of General Linguistics: Master of Arts (Filosofian maisteri), major in a master program called Language, Speech and Translation Technology (Kieli-, puhe- ja käännösteknologian maisteriohjelma). Areas of expertise: Morphological parsing, Finite-state techniques in language technology.
- Uppsala University (UU), Master of Arts (Filosofie master), major in Language Technology (Sprĺkteknologi). Areas of expertise: Machine translation, Data-driven language processing, Dependency parsing.
- Copenhagen Business School (CBS), Master in Computational Linguistics, (Cand. ling. merc. i Datalingvistik), major in Computational Linguistics (Datalingvistik). Areas of expertise: Speech generation, Terminology and Term databases, Statistical Machine Translation, Syntax and Semantics, Statistical NLP.
- Saint-Petersburg State University (SPbSU), Master of Linguistics (Magistr linvistiki), major in General linguistics (Speech technology) (Obshee jazykoznanie (Rechevye technologii)). Areas of expertise: Automatic text processing (parsing, automatic phonemic and phonetic transcriptions, intonation transcription), Computer-assisted speech signal analysis and modification, Speech signal segmentation, Automatic pitch tracking; Acoustic databases, Speech synthesis, Speech recognition, Computer-assisted language learning programs.
- University of Bergen (UiB), masters program in Computational Linguistics and Language Technology (Datalingvistikk og sprĺkteknologi). The degrees bear the same names as the programs. Areas of expertise: LFG, grammars, treebanks, machine learning of language, terminology, machine translation, lexical semantics.
- University of Iceland (HI), Master of Arts in Language Technology (Meistaragráđa í tungutćkni), major in Language Technology (Tungutćkni). Areas of expertise: Tagging and shallow parsing, Wordnets and semantic processing, Tagging with statistical and machine learning methods.
- Reykjavik University (RU), Master of Science in Language Technology (Meistaragráđa í máltćkni), major in Language Technology (Tungutćkni).
- Nordic Graduate School of Language Technology (NGSLT), Present courses in language technology at level 1 and 2 are actually master level courses, and are offered to the NMPLT. NGSLT would not grant any degrees, only participate in the teaching.
Objectives
- Strengthen the cooperation in LT among Nordic, Baltic and NW Russian teachers and scholars and enable the deepening of expertise by division of labor. The present environment does not encourage specialization in many areas with great potential because much capacity is absorbed routine education.
- Provide better quality teaching to the Nordic, Baltic and NW Russian students of language technology and a wider array of possible areas of specialization for students. Different institutions may join their forces in building better materials, assignments and methods for courses.
- Attract talented and well motivated students to the field from within the region and from other countries. The proposed program would be very exceptional in the breadth of teaching it offers.
Form of the program
The NMPLT starts as a network of masters' level teaching in language technology where the Nordic program defines a framework of the master's degree and provides shared distant learning courses and supervision for the students. A student completes the degree in his/her own university according to the requirements accepted by the local home university faculty. The framework sets requirements for such degrees in order to qualify as a NMPLT degree and thus guarantees the necessary uniformity and compatibility among the members of the consortium.
This approach of a
network rather than a strictly administrated joint studies degree was chosen because several reasons. A strict program where the requirements for master's degree are identical in all universities would be time consuming to establish and difficult to maneuver - although it is the standard model in Erasmus Mundus and other programs. Even if most countries in the Nordic and Baltic area are now in the Bologna system where the master level studies consist of 120 ECTS points. However, there are differences in the details such as the amount of ECTS points allocated to the master's thesis, and in various (usually small) obligatory components in the degree. These requirements are often imposed by university or faculty wide decisions, and therefore problematic to change. To avoid time consuming and possibly difficult harmonizing efforts of these less important features, it was decided to start this program with a network type of a structure with much lighter bureaucracy.
Another reason for choosing the network approach was that it allows for greater flexibility in offering fields of specialization. In this way the program can offer all areas of specialization to all of its students, including the possibility to write one's master's thesis under a distant supervisor.
Administration
The NMPLT would be administered by a
steering group with one member nominated by each member of the consortium. The steering group would decide the important issues of the program including but not restricted to the budget, the requirements for accepting students to the program, actual selection of applicants, the curriculum, i.e. the studies required for fulfillment of the NMPLT master's degree, and the acceptance of the courses which form the official teaching of the program. The board also finds ways to advance the distant learning methods and follows their use and efficiency.
Recruiting students to the program
The students to enter the program are required to have suitable bachelor's studies. The students of NMPLT will obtain a MA/MSc degree at their home university and a special diploma from the program. The master program can be expected to last for a long term because it will not be vitally dependent of external funding beyond normal resources at each institution.
The NMPLT is expected to have 20-40 students. A significant part of them students who have earned their bachelor's degree in universities beyond the consortium, many of them outside of the Nordic and Baltic countries and NW Russia, many e.g. from Asia.
Materials will be produced and disseminated in order to reach and attract talented students to join the master program.
Curriculum
The curriculum of the master program consists of 120 ECTS credits in each of the participating institutions and is so organized that the student completes it in two years. Each home university (or faculty) is responsible for granting the master's degree according to its own regulations and national legislation.
The following list classifies courses which the consortium partners have offered for the curriculum of the NMPLT in English and in forms which are suitable for distant learning. The curriculum of the NMPLT will offer a really wide and multidisciplinary spectrum of courses to all its students:
- Morphological parsing, Syntactic parsing and Generation of text
- Processing of text data bases
- Speech technology and Phonetics
- Interaction between humans and computers using natural language
- Ontologies, Semantic processing
- Multilingual processing and Machine translation
- Applied language technology
- Lexicography and Corpus linguistics
- Copyright, Patents, Open source/Free software
- Project management, Commercializing language technology
- Machine learning of language and Statistical methods
The language of the program and its courses is English by default. The language of instruction for certain courses may be different when agreed upon by teachers and students.
The NMPLT master's degree will be defined in more detail during the planning period in autumn 2007 and the requirements will probably consist of a set of some 5-8 core courses out of which the student must complete at least some 3-4 courses. The requirements will tuned in order to guarantee sufficient coverage of common language technology theory and methods as well as provide enough freedom in choosing deep courses in one’s field of special interest.
Mobility
Mobility arrangements where needed are organized through normal Nordic student and teacher mobility schemes such as Nordplus. Because the program relies mostly on distant learning methods, there will be fairly little actual need of physical mobility. The participants have experience in videoconferencing and in distant learning methods and techniques in various contexts, e.g. in the
Nordic Graduate School of Language Technology (NGSLT, see www.ngslt.org).
Quality control of the degrees
- HY: The university degrees in Finland are regulated by legislation. Each faculty sets the specific requirements for degrees (in the framework of the legislation). The University of Helsinki has established a comprehensive quality assurance program. The department collects feedback from students attending courses.
- UiB: Quality control for degrees at Norwegian universities is assured by NOKUT (Nasjonalt organ for kvalitet i utdanningen)
- UU: In Sweden the quality control of university teaching and degrees is done by the Högskoleverket.
- SPbSU: Exams, tests and the procedure of presentation of a thesis are based on Russian National standard for the Master of Linguistics
- Iceland: Each of the Icelandic universities in the consortium has its own internal quality assurance system, both for teaching and for research. National accreditation of all degrees by the Ministry of Education is in process and will be finished later this year.
- CBS: National: Ministry of Research approves programs; Danmarks Evalueringsinstitut (EVA) makes evaluations. Courses are evaluated by questionnaires to the students.
Mutual accreditation of degrees
The current situation is roughly as follows: The member organizations normally accept bachelor's and master's degrees granted by the other member universities, although this does not happen automatically. Essentially, a student applying to continue his or her studies for the next degree in another member university, is eligible to apply and normally has an equal position as the applicants from the local university. If it turns out that there are student's degree deviates significantly from the local requirements, this may invalidate of the application or lead to extra requirements for the student.
- HY: Degrees granted by other member universities of the consortium are in principle acknowledged and make the students eligible for applying to master programs and KitWiki.PhD studies at the University of Helsinki, but in ranking the applicants the individual parts of the studies are checked. E.g. a master's thesis is required for KitWiki.PhD studies.
- UiB: Acceptance of foreign degrees is handled by NOKUT (Nasjonalt organ for kvalitet i utdanningen) in Norway.
- SPbSU: 1) the nostrification rules allow the recognition of foreign diploma, 2) the interview with a person before entering the Master program is intended for checking the student's background, 3) some recognition agreement can be signed between partners (called "mutual accreditation" between education programs).
- Iceland: Icelandic universities accept and recognize degrees granted by other European universities, but students may have to do some extra work in order to be accepted to studies at a higher level.
- CBS: International accreditation in use in some contexts (CEM, CommunityPage of European Management Schools; EQUIS; EFMD, The European Foundation for Management Development).
- NGSLT: Practices in qualifying students applying for NGSLT student status as for their degrees and appropriate research orientation.
The NMPLT will study the conditions for accreditation of degrees among the consortium members in detail. The entry requirements will be adapted in order to minimize the problems of different bachelor's degrees. In addition to these modifications within the NMPLT, any necessary agreements to eliminate unnecessary problems, will be prepared to be signed by the universities in the consortium.
Eligibility to KitWiki.PhD studies
Completing the master's degree in this program makes the students eligible for doctoral studies at least in the home university of the student. In most cases, the continuation to KitWiki.PhD studies will not be affected by the institution in which university of the consortium the master degree in NMPLT was completed.
The common curriculum will be also tuned in order to minimize the problems in continuing the studies after completing the master program. In addition any necessary agreements to eliminate unnecessary problems, will be worked out.
- HY: a MA degree in the local master program (Language, speech and translation technology) guarantees eligibility to KitWiki.PhD studies at least in Language technology (Kieliteknologia). (All master programs in Finland must provide a path to KitWiki.PhD studies according to the legislation.)
- HI: Students with MA in Language Technology from the University of Iceland will be eligible to KitWiki.PhD studies in Icelandic Language and Linguistics (íslensk málfrćđi) according to the rules of the Faculty of Humanities, even though they might in some cases have to fulfill some extra criteria for admission.
- RU: Students with MSc in Language Technology from Reykjavik University will be eligible to KitWiki.PhD studies in Computer Science (tölvunarfrćđi).
- UU: a MA in the local master studies of language technology guarantees eligibility to KitWiki.PhD studies in Computational Linguistics (Datorlingvistik).
- CBS: a local Master in Computational Linguistics makes the student eligible to Ph.D. Program in Computational Linguistics (ph.d.-uddannelsen i datalingvistik).
- UiB: All masters degrees give access to KitWiki.PhD studies, without differentiation
- SPbSU: A Master of Linguistics (Magistr linvistiki) degree in the local university guarantees eligibility to KitWiki.PhD studies in Theory of Language (Teoria jazyka) and Applied and Computational Linguistics (Prikladnaja i matematicheskaja lingvistika).
- NGSLT: No firm official criteria but emerging practices which would help NMPLT develop its proposals and practices.
Research
All members of the consortium are research oriented which will help in providing leading edge content and orientation in the courses.
- HY: The University of Helsinki ranks as number 62 in the IEC listing of top universities in the world, and number 1 among Finnish universities. The Research Unit for Multilingual Language Technology at the Department of General Linguistics was granted a status of "Center of Excellence" by the Academy of Finland in years 1995-1999.
- UiB: University of Bergen has obtained quite a number of research grants (European, Nordic and national) on the basis of peer reviewed research proposals.
- UU: Uppsala University is regularly ranked among the top 100 universities in the world in international rankings. There is no center of excellence connected to language technology, but an application is under preparation for a so-called Linnéstöd, which is granted to leading research centers in Sweden.
- SPbSU: St Petersburg State University was ranked second in the Russian universities rating (2005). The university was supported by National project "Education" and the Master program on Speech technology is among 29 supported.
- Iceland: Researchers at the two universities involved in the application have been central figures in building basic resources and tools for Icelandic language technology in the past few years. This is documented on the web pages of the Icelandic Centre for Language Technology, www.tungutaekni.is/english.html, especially http://www.tungutaekni.is/projects/verkefni_en.html.
- CBS: Copenhagen Business School has many research projects with external funding. One researcher has just been given a prestigious award.
- NGSLT: The graduate school would provide the students with research oriented courses and contacts to Nordic and international teachers and researchers.
Staff and students
- HY in Helsinki has one professor and one university lecturer in language technology at the Department of General linguistics. There is also one post doc researcher in language technology at the department. 10 new students are recruited annually for language technology studies, additionally some BA/BSc students are taken into the master program of Language, speech and translation technology.
- UU: The faculty consists of one professor and two senior lecturers. UU plans for 25 students per year, in total 43 students.
- UiB in Bergen currently has three professors in computational linguistics, two professors in linguistics, and one lecturer, so six permanent academic staff, plus one post doc and two KitWiki.PhD fellows. At masters level, we currently have only two students in the computational linguistics and language technology program, but more students in linguistics and language studies are taking selected courses from the computational linguistics curriculum, and we almost always have foreign students as well.
- Iceland: Each of the two Icelandic universities has one professor who is (mostly) engaged in Language Technology (although both of them have other duties as well). Furthermore, both universities have a number of professors who teach courses on related subjects in the fields of linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence. We expect to have 4-5 students starting each year.
- SPbSU: 2 full professors, 3 associate professors for 7 students.
- CBS: We are 2 full professors and 6 associate professors. Depending on which courses to offer to the NMPLT I excpect all to support the program. Currently we have ca. 5 students starting in our local master's each year. I find it dfficult to say how many external students would join for the NMPLT-courses, without knowing more about the figures at the other universities.
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